Friday, January 29, 2016
Gaya Bahasa
Tips for Reading Extensively
Summarizing an Article “Tips for Reading Extensively.
(English Teaching Forum. 2004)”
Extensive reading has the potential to help English language learners that may not understand the language learning value of reading easy, become better readers and make improvements in other aspects of their English skills
In extensive reading, English language learners read large quantities of easy material to get information and enjoyment.
The reason why language learners should read extensively is to examine the student’s abilities or skills. Extensive reading help students to improve their words they knew before, to improve their skills (writing, reading, listening and speaking).
Teachers have an important role to play in helping their students get the most out of extensive reading. Teachers should give introduction to the students about extensive reading and, as a guidance, they should give tips to the students.
Tip 1 : Read, read, and read some more. It can help students become better readers.
Tip 2 : Read easy books. It will increase student’s confidence and help them to become more comfortable with the process of reading in the foreign language. When learners read a lot of easy books, it allows them to become more fluent, effective readers. And they can learn new words and phrases. Teachers can help students select material by knowing the precise book for them. If book is too difficult for extensive reading, they should find another. It depends on the abilities of the students and the resources available to teachers, such materials may include children’s books, comic book, or online texts that are graded readers.
Tip 3 : Read interesting books. If the learners are excited about their books, they won’t want to put them down. It merely focuses on grammatical aspects.
Tip 4 : Reread books you found particularly interesting. If the students have already read a book once, they will be able to read it more fluency the second time. This helps build vocabulary and leads to increase in reading rate.
Tip 5 : Read for general understanding. When students read extensively, it is not necessary to read for the whole words. They should simply read for general overall understanding, to follow the general storyline and grasp the main ideas of the text.
Another way to encourage reading for general understanding is to remind students that reading is for pleasure and increasing fluency and vocabulary.
Tip 6 : Ignore unknown or difficult words. Skip them and continue reading. Students do not need to understand every word. Often, they can ignore words they do not know and still maintain a general understanding of the passage. Most likely, students will grasp the overall meaning, despite encountering a few unfamiliar words. If a student is unsuccessful, then it is likely the book is too difficult.
Tip 7 : Avoid using dictionaries. Stopping two or three times per page to look up words in dictionary is laborious and time-consuming, and it can distract students from reading for general understanding.
Tip 8 : Expand your reading comfort zone. Being familiar with extensive reading materials and having an awareness of each student’s level and reading interests will allow teacher to better help students while they expand their reading comfort zone.
Everyone has a desire to improve as quickly as possible, some learners might challenge themselves too much, too soon. It is important to pay attention to what the students are reading and to make sure that they are not struggling with texts that are too difficult.
Tip 9 : Set reading goals and keep a reading log. Extensive reading targets are flexible and can be adjusted to fit the reading abilities and schedules of the students.
One way to set and monitor reading goals is to encourage the students to keep a log of their extensive reading. Two samples of simple extensive reading logs are provided in the appendix. Others require students to provide a very brief summary of each book entered into the log in order to monitor general comprehension.
Tip 10 : Enjoy, enjoy, enjoy! The more students enjoy what they are reading, the more they will read. If they do not enjoy reading, their desire to stick with it will probably dwindle, and they may give up on reading.
Conclusion : Teachers can increase their student’s competency in English and help them become fluent readers in English by engaging them in extensive reading. It’s important to realize that the increased fluency, confidence, and motivation that so often result from reading extensively will help students in their academic endeavors, such as improving exam performances.
When teachers provide insightful and careful orientation and guidance to extensive reading, they are not only helping their students improve many aspects of their overall reading and language ability, teachers also might be opening a door to the variety of worlds that reading can be sent.
A tip for teacher : “Be a role model as a reader.” Nuttall observed, “reading is caught, not taught.” (1996, 229).
Language Anxiety
LANGUAGE ANXIETY & CLASSROOM DYNAMICS:
A Study of Adult Learners
(Anna Turula, 2002)
Anatomy of Language anxiety
Two hallmarks of language classroom: motivation and anxiety. On the one hand adult foreign language learners know why they are studying and, compared to younger students, they are far more struggled to persevere. On the other hand, many mature students enter the classroom victimized by a number of prejudices about foreign language acquisition.
This uneasiness is probably reinforced by barriers created by the mature nervous system of the adult learner. Such as students’ ego boundaries, adult learners to perceive their performance in the foreign language classroom as unnatural or ridiculous that lead to feelings of tension and apprehension associated with second language contexts.
Turula (2002) said, “I believe that with age the tension and anxiety associated with learning a new language become stronger and more difficult to overcome.” Sometimes, some individuals are reluctant to speak, especially when they realize or assume that other students are more fluent.
MacIntyre and Gardner (1994) distinguish between trait anxiety, which is an individual’s predisposition for feelings of tension and uneasiness, and situational anxiety, which appears only under certain circumstances.
Classroom dynamics is everything that happens in and between the participants. There are three aspects of it that are related to classroom dynamics: acceptance anxiety, orientation anxiety, and performance anxiety.
Language Anxiety and Classroom Dynamics
Davies and Rinvolucri (1990) look at the problem of anxiety by examining the classroom environment and explaining circumstances in which students may feel insecure. Some classroom situations make students feel that they are judged (when learners are mocked, or when teachers correct the error explicitly), they are isolated (when students feel anonymous, disregarded, deserted by the teacher), and they lack control (the failure to manage classroom discourse).
Does Starting Late Mean “Late”?
It isn’t true that anxious adult learners can’t succeed in foreign language; however, when compared with successful adult learners, we find that success for the anxious learner is much harder to achieve.
If we agree that teacher’s task is not only to teach but also to assist learning, we can’t escape the conclusion that teacher’s main tasks are threefold: first, to identify the causes of language anxiety and loss of self-confidence in the classroom and eliminate or alleviate them; second, to understand the traits of good classroom dynamics; and third, to create a classroom environment in which these traits may flourish.
A Successful Learning Environment
Turula said that she believed that what we need is a collaborative spirit, a clear sense of direction, and a sense of fun.
Students enter the classroom with all their knowledge, feelings, interests, and preferences. Why not encourage them to share? To share, however, means to be open, which may not be very easy if the students don’t have an example of someone being open first. Here, the teachers give an example at first, then, they encourage their students to do something similar.
Sharing in the language classroom means that the students help each other develop effective learning strategies that enable to them to increase their repertoire of cognitive skills. The sense of belonging, the pride taken in common achievements, moving toward a common goal, and compromising on the way to that goal are ways to reconcile one’s own need for autonomy with the common good of the group.
Clear sense of direction
Another important component of a successful language classroom is the group’s ability to define its goals and persevere in achieving them. Adult learners need to know how the particular activities and exercise help them achieve their overall learning aims and why they need to do them. The students’ joint efforts aimed at achieving common goals have to be reinforced by the conviction that each student’s personal needs are important.
Successful individualization in the language classroom enables each student to define his or her learning style and sustain motivation by completing challenging tasks. Individualization provides a solid basis for ensuring student autonomy. In assuming responsibility for their learning, students exercise independence in their choice of learning strategies and maintain the right to their own, unmanipulated way of tackling problems.
A sense of direction is easier to maintain if a learner’s self-esteem is high and constantly reinforced. Achieving a sense of direction requires frequent, sincere, and evenly distributed appraisal. The teacher isn’t perceived as respectable, reliable, or trustworthy. The teacher’s personality, knowledge of the target language, professional qualifications, and teaching style, along with the attractiveness of lessons and ability to give clear explanations are among the chief factors leading to successful, motivating classroom environment.
The four component of a clear sense of direction – know-how, motivation, self-esteem, and autonomy – are worth trying to attain, not only because they help students persevere, but also because once attained, through mutual reinforcement, they become self-perpetuating, and thereby propel successful learners toward their goals.
Sense of fun
A sense of fun is indispensable to create a relaxed learning environment and sustain motivation.
Conclusion
The teacher’s response to the language anxiety of adult learners can resemble the way light passes through a lens and its ray are intensified (a convex lens for an authoritarian, uncompromising teacher, student feel isolated) or dispelled ( a concave lens for a teacher who creates a friendly environment of caring and sharing with a sense of direction and fun).
Thursday, January 28, 2016
Daily Activity in Japanese
ぼくの日(にち)
まいあさ6じ に ぼく は おきます。6じ10ぷん に シャワー をあびます。それから あさごはん を たべます。いつも ごはん を たべます。7じ に は を みがきます。あとで、せいふく に きがえます。8じ に がっこう に いきます。9じ から じゅぎょう を うけます。きょう は いちにち に がっこう で 日本語 を べんきょうします。はじめます。telling about my day.12じ30ぷん に ひるごはん を たべます。 そして、 ともだち と はなします。それから うち へ かえります。がっこう の あとで、 テレビ を みます。これから かいもの を します。うち に かえります。かお を あらいます。そして、10じ に ねます。
Boku no ichi nichi (My day)
ini adalah kehidupan yuki..urutkan gambar dibawah ini agar menjadi cerita kehidupan sehari yuki...tulis kembali dalam bentuk paragraf... boleh dengan hiragana atau huruf romaji.